Biologically active substances

ABSTRACT

Certain novel esters of a specific group of non-ionic surfactants are useful as hypocholesterolaemic agents in animals and man. The compounds have a nucleus based on ethylene diamine and (C2H4O) groups accounting for 0 to 30% of the total molecular weight and (C3H6O) groups having a partial molecular weight of from 2250 to 3250. The esters may be formed from aliphatic, aromatic, amino-aliphatic or amino-aromatic acids.

I United States Patent 1 1 [111 3,916,008

Green et a1. Oct. 28, 1975 [54] BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [75] Inventors: JnosephdGllg'een, lwimlialedoila Keith 762,490 3 I1 971 g um owar agga ey; rian organ,

both of Reigate, all of England OTHER PUBLICATIONS Stanton, American Perfumer, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 54, [73] Assignee. Beecham Group Limited, England 56 & 58 (1952 [22] Fil d; N 15, 1972 Shriner et al., The Systematic Identification of Or- [211 A 1 N 306 791 ganic Compounds, 4th Ed., pp. 206-208, (1956).

Primary ExaminerRobert Gerstl [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Assistant Examiner-E Jane Skelly Dec. 18, 1971 United Kingdom 58930/71 [57] ABSTRACT 52 [1.8. CI 260/477; 260/468 R; 260/472; Certain novel esters of a Specific group of non-ionic 260/473 R; 260/482 C; 260/490; Surfactants are useful as hypocholesterolaemic agents 424 300; 424/307 in animals and man. The compounds have a nucleus 51 1m. 01. c070 93/18; C07C 93/20 based on ethylene diamine and (Q 1 g p 58 Field Of Search 260/477 Counting for 0 to 30% of the total molecular Weight and (C H O) groups having a partial molecular weight 5 References Cited of from 2250 to 3250. The esters may be formed from UNITED STATES PATENTS aliphatic, aromatic, amino-aliphatic or aminoaromatic acids. 2,260,384 10/1941 Kritchevsky 260/477 2,697,118 12/1954 Lundsted et a1. 260/584 6 Clalms, N0 Drawings 3,009,884 11/1961 Monson et a1. 252/341 BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES The present invention relates to a new class of compounds which are of value as agents for the control and provide an improvement in that they are substantially less toxic than the unesterified compounds, and therefore more applicable to use as medicaments.

Certain ester of oxyalkylated derivatives, including 2 wherein a, b, c, d, p, q, r and s are integers as defined with reference to formula (I) above and R R R and R are the same or different and each is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, substireduction of serum lipid levels in animals and man. 5 tuted aralkyl, alkylamino or arylamino group.

Several chronic degenerative diseases of which the Common examples of the groups R R R and R most important is atherosclerosis, and its sequel ischainclude: lower alkyl groups e.g. -methyl, ethyl, nand emic heart disease have been associated, at least in iso-propyl, n-, iso-, and tertbutyl; lower cycloalkyl part, with raised serum lipid levels, especially cholesgroups e.g. cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; phenyl; phenyl terol and triglyceride levels. l0 substituted with one or more methoxy or ethoxy Cholesterol is the predominant sterol in higher mamgroups; benzyl; substituted benzyl; lower alkylamino, mals. It is present in all animal tissues so that some choe.g. methylamino, ethylamino, nand iso-propylamino, lesterol is present in all foods of animal origin. In addin-, iso-, and tert-butylamino; phenylamino; and substition, endogenous production of cholesterol takes place tuted phenylamino. in the body, mainly in the liver. There are drugs which The term lower used herein is intended to include can inhibit this process but most of such treatments are groups containing from 1 6 carbon atoms. not without harmful side-effects. Another way to lower Although the present invention includes mono-, di, serum cholesterol in animals and man is to inhibit the tri, and tetra esters of the group of compounds deabsorption of cholesterol from the gastro-intestinal picted in I, preferred compounds are the tetraesters track. Such cholesterol may be either dietary in origin wherein R R R and R in formula (II) are the same or may be metabolic. and designated by R. For the remainder of this specifi- We have described in our W. German Offenlegungsscation, these esters will be emphasised, but it is to be chrift No. 2106156 the use of a group of non-ionic surunderstood that this does not restrict the invention to factants as hypocholesterolaemic agents. In particular this class of compounds. It is preferable that in the a pharmaceutical composition is claimed therein which compounds of this invention the (C H O) groups accomprises at least one-ionic surfactant of the general count for at least 5% of the total molecular weight. formula (I): One group of esters which is included within this in- H (O.C Hu) -C N.CH CH N 2 l b 3 6 q (c H o) (c H,,o) H

wherein a, b, c, d, p, q, r and s are integers such that the vention includes esters of the surfactant sold under the (C H O) groups account for from 0 to of the total Trade name Tetronic 701 and manufactured by Wymolecular weight while the partial molecular weight 40 andotte Chemicals Corporation of Wyandotte, Mich. due to the (C I-I O) groups is from 2250 to 3250, to- 48192, U.S.A. which has the formula (I) shown above gether with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable wherein the (C I-I O) groups account for about 10% carriers said surfactant comprising at least 20% by (i.e. between 5 and 15%) of the total molecular weight weight of the total composition. and the partial molecular weight due to the (C l-I 0) We have now found that a class of esters of the com groups is about 2750 (i.e. between 2500 and 3000). pounds of formula (I) with mono-carboxylic acids are Similarly, the surfactant sold under the name Teuseful as agents for the control of serum cholesterol tronic 702 and manufactured again by Wyandotte levels in animals and man. Although the compounds Chemicals Corporation has the formula (I), above represented by formula (I) have good hypocholeswherein the (C I-I O) groups account for about 25% .terolaemic activity, the esters of the present invention (i.e. between 20 and 30%) of the total molecular weight and the partial molecular weight due to the (C I-I O) groups is about 2750 (i.e. between 2500 and 3000). Consequently esters (of formula (11)) of Tetronic 702 are also included within the scope of the those of formula (I) above, with polycarboxylic acids present invention. It will be realised that the total moare disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,009,884 as being useful lecular weight of the groups R R R and R is not sigfor the breaking of emulsions of the oil-in-water class. nificant compared to the total molecular weight of the However that Patent does not disclose any esters made polymer. with mono-carboxylic acids. Particularly interesting esters falling within the gen- According to the present invention, there is provided eral formula (II) include the following tetraacetate, tetesters of general formula (II): ra-cyclohexanoate, tetra-benzoate; tetra-2,6-dimethox- R 00. (O.C H (O.C H (C H '0) (C l-1 O) COR- N. CH CH N (II) ybenzoate, tetra-(ethyl carbamate); tetra- (phenylcarbamate). The tetra-benzoate is a preferred compound within this class.

The present invention also provides a process for the with reference to formula (I) and formula (II) respectively together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

As is common practice, such compositions will usupreparation of esters of general formula (III) 5 ally be accompanied by or associated with written or 12.00. (0. c rI,,) (o.c H /(C H O) (C H O) CO.R

N. CH CH N (III) R. 00. (o. 0 11,, '(o.c 1+1 (c H o) (c H,, o) co.R.

wherein a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s are integers as defined with reference to formula (I) above and R is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, alkylamino or arylamino group, which process comprises reacting a surfactant of formula (I) or a salt thereof, where a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s are as hereinbefore defined with reference to formula (I) with a reactive derivative of the appropriate carboxylic acid (IV) R.CO H

R'N C O wherein R is the appropriate alkyl or aryl group; or the corresponding-carbamic acid (VI):

' R'.NI-I.CO H

The reaction may conveniently be carried out in solution of an organic base such as triethylamine, such that there is at least four molar equivalents of the base present to one of the non-ionic surfactant.

The compounds of this invention represented by for mula (II) above wherein R R R and R are not all the same may be similarly prepared from compounds of formula (I) by partial esterification with reactive de rivatives of two or more carboxylic acids selected from the group comprising: R CO l-l, R .CO H, R .CO H, and R CO I-I. Each said reactive derivative is reacted with the compound of formula (I) sequentially to produce esters of formula (II) having at least two of the groups R R R and R different from each other. It will be realised that the product from such a process will be a mixture of esters having different relative proportions of the groups R R R and R Such a mixture is not readily separated into its constituent esters, but it is useful itself as a hypocholesterolaemic agent within the present invention.

A further aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one ester of the general formula (II) wherein a, b, c, d, p, q, r, s and R R R and R are as hereinbefore described printed directions for use in the medical treatment concerned, in this case, as an agent for controlling or reducing serum cholesterol and/or for use in the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.

In forming the novel compositions of this invention,

the compound is incorporated in a suitable carrier such as, for example, a pharmaceutical carrier, beverage or foodstuff. The compositions may take the form of tablets, linguets, powders, capsules, slurries, troches or lozenges. Any suitable pharmaceutical carrier may be used for formulating solid compositions such as, for example, magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, glucose, sucrose, rice flour, talc and chalk. The composition may also be in the form of an ingestible capsule (e.g. of gelatin) to contain the compound; or in the form of a syrup, a liquid solution or a suspension. Suitable liquid pharmaceutical carriers include ethyl alcohol, glycerine, saline and water together with flavouring or colouring agents to form syrups. Also the compound may be incorporated in a foodstuff such as, for example, in combination with biscuits.

Also included within the scope of the present invention is a method for controlling or reducing the serum lipid levels of animals, including man which method comprises the administration to the animal or man of one or more of the esters defined above An oral administration is preferred.

The ester or esters may be administered alone in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, or as partof the total dietary intake. In the latter case, the amount of said ester employed may be less than 1% by weight of the diet and is preferably no more than 0.5% by weight. The diet for a man may consist of normal foodstuffs to which the ester has been added, and similarly the diet for animals may consist of foodstuffs and the ester may be added alone or with a premix. t

In order to achieve an effective degree of serumcholesterol lowering, the compound should preferably be administered to the animal or patient in an amount of from 1 to 10 g. per day; generally it will be most convenient to spread the daily dosage by giving several smaller, more palatable doses.

The invention will now be further illustrated in the following Examples:

EXAMPLE 1 a. Tetra-benzoate of Tetronic 701 One molar equivalent of Tetronic 701 (supplied by reagents were removed from the involatile product by heating at 150/1mm. The process was repeated until complete esterification is'achieved as indicated by infra-red spectroscopy.

The following tetra-esters of Tetronic 701 were also prepared by this method:

b. Tetra-cyclohexanoate c. Tetra-acetate d. Tetra-(2,6-dimethyl benzoate).

EXAMPLE 2 a. Tetra-(ethyl carbamate) of Tetronic 701 One molar equivalent of Tetronic 701 (supplied by Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation) dissolved in dry visopropyl ether containing 1% triethylamine was treated dropwise with 6 molar equivalents of ethyl isocyanate. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Removal of the precipitate and concentration of the filtrate under vacuum yielded the tetra- (ethyl carbamate) derivative. (b) The tetra-(phenyl carbamate) of Tetronic 701 was prepared by the method described in Example 2av above.

EXAMPLE 3 The hypocholesterolaemic effect of esters of the in vention was demonstrated in the following experiment.

Groups of male albino rats (CFY strain), weighing approximately 150g were given a semisynthetic hypercholesterolaemic diet containing 63% sucrose, 10% hydrogenated coconut oil, casein, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% ox bile extract, with and without the drug at 0.1% in the diet for 2 weeks. The rats were then killed and their serum total cholesterol was measured by the Technicon Autoanalyzer method N24A.

Table 1 shows the result of the experiment and demonstrates the cholesterol-lowering effect of the esters shown.

TABLE 1 Serum cholesterol (mg/100ml i S.E.M.*)

Addition to Diet Experiment 1 None 309 i 39 Tetraacetate ester 145 i 37 Experiment 2 None 397 i 53 Tetra-cyclohexanoaxe Ester 128 10 Tetra-benzoate ester. 119 i 8 Tetra-ethyl carbamate ester. 123 i 7 Tetra-phenyl carbamate ester. 241 i 36 Tetra-(2,6-dimethyl benzoate) 290 i 36 Unesterified tetronic 701 206 i 33 *Standard error of mean. All reductions of serum cholesterol are statistically significant (p 0.05).

R CO (0 C 114) a (O. C 11 )p EXAMPLE 4 Soft gelatin coated capsules were each filled with 500mg. of the tetra-benzoate of Tetronic 701 and were used for oral administration to humans.

EXAMPLE 5 Tablets were prepared in the usual way each to contain 250 mg. of the tetra-benzoate of Tetronic-701 together with starch talc, lactose or magnesium stearate to give tablets weighing 600 mg., again for oral administration to humans. I

EXAMPLE 6 Toxicological data on Tetronic 701 tetrabenzoate. a. Acute oral toxicity determination in rats.

The tetrabenzoate, dissolved in methyl cellulose solution was closed orally to male and female rats and the median lethal dose (LD was compared to that of the unesterified Tetronic 701:

LD 10,000 mg/kg. 4.700 mg/kg tetrabenzoate Tetronic 701 Furthermore no target organ or mode of toxic action was indicated for the tetrabenzoate.

Also, the tetrabenzoate, suspended in water was dosed orally to 5 male rats at levels of 10,000 and 6,000 mg/kg. No adverse signs or deaths occurred in the ensuing 14 days observation period and it is therefore concluded that the LD value of an aqueous suspension of the tetrabenzoate by this route in the rat is greater than lOg/kg.

b. Acute oral toxicity determination in mice The tetrabenzoate, dissolved in methylcellulose solution was dosed orally to male and female mice and the LD value again compared to that of the unesterified Tetronic 701:

1 5 tetrabenzoate 10,000 mg/kg Tetronic 701 4,300 mg/kg c. Maximum tolerated dose study in the dog N.CH CH .N

(C 1-l 0) (0 11 0) COR wherein a,b,c,d,p,q,r and s are integers such that the (C H O) groups account for from 0 to 30% of the total molecular weight while the partial molecular weight due to the (C H O) groups is from 2250 to 3250, and R R R and R are the same or different and each is 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 8 (C H O) groups account for between 20 and 30% of the total molecular weight and the partial molecular weight due to the (C l-I 0) groups is between 2,500 and' 5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R R R and R are C -C alkyl substituted by phenyl.

6. A compound according to claim 1 wherein each of 7 R R R and R are phenyl. 

1. A COMPOUND OF FORMULA:
 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the (C2H4O) groups account for at least 5% of the total molecular weight.
 3. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the (C2H4O) groups account for between 5 and 15% of the total molecular weight and the partial molecular weight due to the (C3H6O) groups is between 2,500 and 3,000.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein the (C2H4O) groups account for between 20 and 30% of the total molecular weight and the partial molecular weight due to the (C3H6O) groups is between 2,500 and 3,000.
 5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are C1-C6 alkyl substituted by phenyl.
 6. A compound according to claim 1 wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are phenyl. 